Amerigo’s Giants

Do you know where Patagonia is located? (And no, I don’t mean the store in Freeport, Maine.) It’s the region at the southernmost tip of South America, where modern-day Argentina and Chile are located.

465px-Mapa_Geografico_de_America_Meridional_(acercamiento)The first explorer to name it Patagonia was probably Amerigo Vespucci, around 1500, although according to Felipe Fernandez-Armesto’s fascinating biography of Vespucci, so much of what Vespucci wrote was embellished with unreliable details (either by him or by his editors), so it’s hard to know if he actually visited Patagonia. But twenty years later, in 1520, the explorer Ferdinand Magellan spent the winter there with his fleet. He would surely have known about Vespucci’s voyage there, and he, too, called the locals Patagão, or Patagóns or Pathagoni.

The etymology is a little uncertain, but it basically means “people with big feet” or “giants.” According to the story told by Magellan’s chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, the natives they encountered were extremely tall—Pigafetta estimated they stood between 9 and 12 feet. (Pigafetta was one of the few who literally lived to tell the tale–he was one of only nineteen sailors who survived the voyage around the world–you can read my blog about that here).

The myth captured the imaginations of Europeans for a long time.

A hundred years after Magellan, Sir Francis Drake’s chronicler confirmed Pigafetta’s account, but reduced the giants’ size down to a mere seven and a half feet.

patagonian-giants-1768-thumb

It’s likely that the natives the Europeans encountered were the Tehuelche Indians, who were tall. Obviously not giants, but at least taller than the Europeans, which wasn’t saying much–the average sixteenth century European male was about 5′ 6 1/2″ tall.

 

http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/magellan-strait/patgonian-giants.html
images: map from Wikimedia
English sailor offering bread to a Patagonian woman giant. Frontispiece to Viaggio intorno al mondo fatto dalla nave Inglese il Delfino comandata dal caposqadra Byron (Florence, 1768), the first Italian edition of John Byron’s A Voyage Round the World in His Majesty’s Ship the Dolphin . . .  (London, 1767) [Rare Books Division] via libweb5.princeton.edu

Borders Patrol

In Shakespeare’s time, an outfit of clothing could cost a fortune. Literally.

340px-Frances_Sydney_Countess_of_SussexWomen in Elizabeth’s court wore removable sleeves, which were often highly ornamented and which could be sewn onto different bodices. They also sometimes wore a strip of jewel-encrusted embroidery along the hem of their gown, or down the front where the overskirt parted, which was removable but had to be sewn onto each skirt she wore. They were called “borders.”

LOB82018In Liza Picard’s Elizabeth’s London: Everyday Life in Elizabethan London,* she recounts a story about a lady  entering a theater. Her servant boy was walking in front of her up the theater stairs toward the gallery, lighting the way with a torch. Two thieves were waiting for her, having seen her jewel-encrusted “borders.” One of them blew out the page’s torch, so he had to leave her alone and get his torch re-lit. While she stood there on the dark stairway, one thief lunged at her and groped her in a most inappropriate way. He was expecting her to try to ward him off so that she’d let go of her borders and allow his accomplice to rip them away and make off with them. But she was more concerned with her jewels than “her modesty,” and she held fast to her borders. The thwarted thieves ran away empty-handed.

ClaudedeValoisAside from being a funny story, what’s remarkable is the detail about having to have your way lit for you—and how dark something like a theater staircase could be. I blogged about link boys here, if you want to know a little more about them.

 

 

* pages 145-6

Dramatic Justice

Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall was an avid fan of the soap opera Days of Our Lives.

source: “Sex And Suffering In The Afternoon.” Time 107.2 (1976): 49. 

Cover Reveal for My New Book!

At long last, I am thrilled to show you the cover for my next nonfiction book, to be published by Walker Books. It is scheduled for April, 2014. Here it is! What do you think?

cover3GWFor the story about how the cover came to be, please click through to yesterday’s post at Nerdy Book Club.

Going Bovine

The composer Aaron Copland had a low opinion of the symphonies of Ralph Vaughan Williams, a composer of the English pastoral school. Copland supposedly said that listening to Williams’ Symphony No. 5 “is like staring at a cow for forty-five minutes.
”

 

(New York Times, 7/13/2008)

Brushing Up

In 1780, a prisoner in Newgate jail named William Addis created a toothbrush by boring holes into a bone and adding bristles. When he was released, he founded Britain’s first toothbrush factory.

Everyday Life Through the Ages (372)

Tacitus and the Third Reich

Wien-_Parlament-TacitusIn AD 98, the Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus (56 – 117) wrote a text called “About the Origin and Mores of the Germanic Peoples,” or Germania, as it came to be called. All copies of Germania were lost during the Middle Ages, but a single, hand-lettered copy resurfaced at an Abbey in present-day Germany in 1455. It was brought to Italy.

Zoom forward 500 years.

In the 1940s, the Germania was taught in German schools and widely celebrated as a comprehensive account of the ancient Germanic people. The slim work was available in translation throughout Germany, and although Tacitus’s description of early Germanic tribes was not universally positive, he did laud their warlike qualities, and the book had become an important part of the Nazi ideology. The Nazis liked the description of their ancient ancestors as simple, brave, loyal, and pure. Remember, there had been no Germany before 1871. It had been a sort of a murky part of the Holy Roman Empire.  But in Germania, they found a description of people they could call their forbears (21).

In 1943, agents of Heinrich Himmler, the head of Hitler’s SS and the second most powerful man in the Third Reich, tried to steal the one remaining copy, which had been hidden under the floor of a kitchen in the Villa Fontedamo on the Adriatic coast of Italy. They broke down the doors and ransacked the Villa, but didn’t find it.

The manuscript remained in Italy after the war. It was damaged in a flood in 1966, but is now safely housed at the Museo Nazionale in Rome.

What’s really ironic is that Tacitus probably never even set foot in Germany.

 

 

Source: Christopher Krebs,  A Most Dangerous Book: Tacitus’s Germania from the Roman Empire to the Third Reich
Tacitus By Pe-Jo (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

that’s harsh, e.e.

The poet e.e. cummings declared president Warren G. Harding “the only man, woman or child who ever wrote a simple declarative sentence with seven grammatical errors . . .”

 

 

Unpardonable

512px-Warren_G_Harding-Harris_&_EwingSenator Warren G. Harding was nominated as the Republican presidential candidate in June of 1920, largely as a compromise after the three top contenders posed a political deadlock. Harding was seen as the best, albeit second-rate, option.

When Republican leaders asked Senator Harding if there was anything in his past that might compromise his candidacy, the (married) Harding finally admitted to having a still-ongoing seven-year affair with the wife of one of his best friends, a woman named Carrie Phillips.

The party treasurer, Albert Lasker, immediately visited Phillips. He told her the party would pay her $25,000 up front and $2000 per month as long as Harding was in office, provided she and her husband agreed to leave the country on an around-the-world, all-expenses-paid trip. The only condition was that they would not return to the United States before Harding’s inauguration. She agreed.

In November of 1920, Harding was elected in a landslide.

 

Ed Wright, History’s Greatest Scandals, New York: Barnes and Noble, 2006, 32-4

Keep It

As a young man, Nicolo Paganini had to pawn his violin to pay off some gambling debts. A French merchant loaned him a Guarneri violin so that Paganini could perform in a concert. When the man heard Paganini’s performance, he gave him the violin.